Layer height is one of the most fundamental parameters in 3D printing, representing the thickness of each individual layer that makes up the printed object. It directly affects the print's quality, surface finish, printing time, and material usage.
Layer height is typically measured in millimeters and is limited by the printer's hardware capabilities. Most printers can achieve layer heights between 0.1mm and 0.4mm, with 0.2mm being a common default setting. The minimum layer height is usually determined by the nozzle diameter, with smaller nozzles allowing for finer layers.
Lower layer heights (0.1-0.15mm) produce smoother surfaces and better detail resolution, making them ideal for prints where appearance is important. However, they significantly increase printing time and material usage. Higher layer heights (0.3-0.4mm) print faster and use less material but result in more visible layer lines and less detail.
The optimal layer height depends on several factors: the intended use of the print, the material being used, and the printer's capabilities. For functional parts where strength is more important than appearance, higher layer heights may be preferred. For decorative or detailed models, lower layer heights are typically better.
Some slicers offer adaptive layer height, which automatically adjusts the layer height based on the geometry. Steep overhangs might use thinner layers for better quality, while flat surfaces could use thicker layers for speed. This technique can optimize both print quality and time.
It's important to note that layer height should not exceed 80% of the nozzle diameter for reliable printing. For example, a 0.4mm nozzle should not use layer heights greater than 0.32mm.
