Support structures are temporary printed structures that provide a foundation for overhanging parts of a 3D model during the printing process. They prevent sagging, drooping, or collapse of features that extend beyond the base layer, enabling the successful printing of complex geometries that would otherwise be impossible to create.
Supports are automatically generated by slicing software when the model has overhangs that exceed a certain angle (typically 45-60 degrees from vertical). The software analyzes the model geometry and creates support structures only where necessary, minimizing material usage and post-processing time.
There are several types of support structures available in modern slicers. Tree supports create branching structures that use less material and are easier to remove than traditional grid supports. Grid supports create a regular pattern that provides good stability but uses more material. Concentric supports follow the contour of the model and are useful for cylindrical overhangs.
Support settings can be customized to balance between print success and ease of removal. Support density affects how much material is used - higher density provides better support but is harder to remove. Support angle determines what overhang angles trigger support generation. Support interface layers create a smoother surface where the support meets the model.
The placement and design of supports can significantly affect the final print quality. Supports that are too close to the model may leave marks or be difficult to remove, while supports that are too far away may not provide adequate support. Most slicers allow manual placement and editing of support structures for optimal results.
After printing, support structures must be removed, which can be done by hand, with tools, or through chemical processes depending on the material. The removal process can leave marks on the model surface, so support placement should be considered during the design phase when possible.
